The Grammar Archive: Kinds of English Clauses
Introduction
Klausa merupakan sekelompok kata yang mengandung subjek dan kata kerja. Karena mengandung subjek dan kata kerja, klausa dapat dihitung sebagai kalimat. Tetapi tidak semua klausa dapat berdiri sendiri secara utuh, maka dari itu, beberapa klausa membutuhkan sebuah konjungsi seperti yang sudah dibahas sebelumnya. Namun, kali ini kita tidak akan membahas konjungsi maupun klausa yang berdiri sendiri, melainkan:
- Noun Clause
Noun clause merupakan klausa yang termasuk dalam jenis dependent clause, Ia tidak dapat berdiri sendiri dan membutuhkan klausa lain untuk melengkapi maknanya. Noun clause sendiri dapat digunakan sebagai subjek, objek dan pelengkap dalam sebuah kalimat. Dan kita juga membutuhkan connector sebagai kata hubung. For examples like; that, what, whoever, how and etc.
2. Adjective Clause
Adjective Clause digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tambahan pada noun atau pronoun dalam sebuah kalimat. Adjective clause biasanya diletakkan setelah noun atau pronoun yang dijelaskan. Sama seperti dependent clause pada umumnya, adjective clause juga memiliki connector, such as; who, whom, which, and that.
3. Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clause juga merupakan bagian dari dependent clause yang berfungsi untuk menerangkan kata kerja, kata sifat, atau kata keterangan lainnya dalam sebuah kalimat. Adverbial clause biasanya menggunakan connector yang relevan dengan jenis clause yang digunakan. Adverbial clause dapat digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tentang waktu, sebab-akibat, cara, dan tempat.
Analysis Clause in Memorandum
Write a Memorandum
MEMORANDUM
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To: Mr. Rizky Hartono, Operations Manager
From: Senior Tour Guide, Lampung Explorer Tours
Date: 21 October 2026
Subject: Enhancing the Quality of Way Kambas Day Tours Ahead of the School Holiday Season
1. Background
As the December school holiday season is approaching, it is important that we enhance the quality of our Way Kambas day tours. The agency organized 46 tours from July to September 2026, and a guest survey revealed that 31 percent of international guests found the explanations hard to follow.
2. Current Problems
Seven tours were delayed by more than 30 minutes as the guides had to wait for guests who arrived late. During two tours, visitors got too close to the elephants as no guide had informed them about the park rules prior to the activities starting. New guides, who only get one day of training and no written script, might find it difficult to give clear explanations. Three guests also shared their feedback online, mentioning that the lunch break was too lengthy and the elephant show was too brief.
3. Recommendations
To solve these issues, I suggest that the agency implement a standard briefing script that guides can follow prior to each tour. Before the tour starts, guides should explain the safety and conservation rules to ensure visitors know how to behave around the elephants. The bilingual information card, which includes key details in both English and Indonesian, can assist international visitors in understanding the information more clearly.
Although some guests might arrive late, the agency should set a clear departure schedule to ensure that other participants do not have to wait for an extended period. Feedback from guides should be collected after each tour to identify problems with the explanations, schedule, and activities. New guides should also collaborate with senior guides who can offer practical advice and ensure that the briefing procedures are being followed properly.
4. Conclusion
As these improvements can enhance visitor satisfaction and contribute to the conservation of elephants, I request permission to implement a trial program before the school-holiday season in December. If the program is approved, we can print the bilingual information cards and assess the outcomes once the trial tours have been finished.
Respectfully submitted,
Senior Tour Guide
Lampung Explorer Tours
